apa yang terjadi ?

[Kelipkelip]

158. The Relative Pronoun that is used in preference to who or which:

1) After Adjectives in the Superlative Degree; as
He was the most eloquent speaker that I ever heard.
The wisest man that ever lived made mistakes.
This is the best that we can do.

2) After the words, all, same, any, none , nothing, (the) only: as,
All is not gold that glitters.
He is the same man that he has been.
It is only donkeys that bray.
It was not for nothing that he studied philosophy.
Man is the only animal that can talk.

3) After the Interrogative Pronouns who, what; as,
Who that saw her did not pity her?
Who am I that I should object?
What is it that troubles you so much?
What is there that I do not know?

4) After two antecedents, one denoting a person and the other denoting an animal or a thing; as,
The boy and his dog that had trespassed on the club premises were turned out.

159. What refers to things only. It is used without an antecedent expressed, and is equilvalent to that which (or the thing which.
What (=that which) cannot be cured must be endured.
I say what (=that which) I mean.
I mean what I say.
What is done cannot be undone.
What man has done man can do.
What is one man's meat is another man's poison.
Give careful heed to what I say.
What I have written, I have written.
He found what he was looking for.

It will be noticed what is used in the Nominative and Accusative singular only.

160. In older English the word as was used as a relative pronoun after such; as,
Tears such as angels weep burst forth.
These mangoes are not such as I bought yesterday.
He is such a man as I honour.
We have never had such a time as the present.
His answer was such as I expected him to give.

The word as can be used as a relative pronoun after same; as,
My trouble is the same as yours (is).
This is not the same as that (is).
(But) I played with the same bat that you did.

'The same as' usually means 'of the same kind'.
'The same.....that' means 'one and the same'.
The word as is also used as a Relative Pronoun after as followed by an adjectives; as
I collected as many specimens as I could find.

(Note: The first as is here an Adverb)

To be continued

[Kelipkelip]

161. In older English the word but was used as a relative pronoun after a negative; it often had the force of a relative pronoun; as,

There is none but will agree with me. (but will agree = who will not agree).
There is no Hindu but knows the story of the Ramayana. (That is, there is no Hindu who does not know, etc).
There is no man but wishes to live.
There is no rose but has some thorn. (but = which....no)
There is scarecely a child but likes candy.
There is no man but knows these things. (but who does not.)

It will be seen that the pronoun but is here equilvalent to who...not, which...not.

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

162. The Relative Pronoun is generally omitted when it would be in the accusative case; as,

Few and short were the prayers ^ we said.
A contented mind is the greatest blessing ^ a man can enjoy in the world.
I am monarch of all ^ I survey.
Men must reap the things ^ they sow.

"That is used preferablywith reference to persons. Thus we tend to say 'the meeting which I attended yesterday", rather than "the meeting tha I attended yesterday". But more frequently still do we say "the meeting I attended yesterday". the Accusative Relative being as a rule omitted altogether. "- Onions.

This tendency to omit the Accussative Relative is more marked in the spoken language. In the written language its omission is often felt to be undignified.

163. In the following examples from poetry a Relative Pronoun in the nominative case is omitted :

"Tis distance ^ lends enchantment to the view".
"I have a brother ^ is condemned to die".

Note - The omission of a Relative Pronoun in the nominative case is now quite exceptional except in colloquil speech.

There's somebody at the door ^ wants to see you.

OMISSION OF THE ANTECEDENT

164. In older English the Antecedent of a Relative Pronoun was sometimes left out; as,

Who works not shall not eat.
=(He) who works shall not eat.
Whom the gods love, die young.
=(Those) whom the gods love die young.
Who steals my purse, steals trash.
Who laughs last laughs best.
Who has lost all hope has also lost all fear.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever.

To be continued

[Kelipkelip]

AGREEMENT OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN AND ITS ANTECEDENT

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165. As the Relative Pronoun refers to a Noun or Pronoun (called its Antecedent), it must be of the same niumber and person as its Antecedent. (Remember that the verb shows the number and person of the Relative Pronoun).

The boy who was lazy was punished.
The boys who were lazy were punished.
I, who am your king, will lead you.
I am the person that is to blame.
We who seek your protection, are strangers here.
You who are mighty, should be merciful.
You who seek wisdom, should be humble.
He that is not with me is against me.
He that is down, needs fear to fall.
He that eats till he is sick must fast till he is well.
They who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
They who seek only for faults see nothing else.
The flowers which grow in our gardens are not for sale.
This is the only one of his poems that is worth reading.
(= Of his poems this is the only one that is worth reading.)

But the case of the Relative Pronoun depends upon its relation to the verb in the clause in which its occurs.

Rama is the boy who did it.
Rama is the boy whom I want.
Rama is the boy whose pencil I have.
Rama is the boy whom I spoke.
He whom we worship, by whose gift we live, is the Lord.

POSITION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

166. To prevent ambiguity, the Relative Pronoun should be placed as near as posibble to its Antecedent; as,

The boy who won the first prize in English is the son of my friend, Mr. Joshi.

It would mean something quite different if we separate the Relative Pronoun from its Antecedent and say :

The boy is the son of my friend Mr. Joshi who won the first prize.

Again such a sentence as "I have read Gokhale's speeches, who was a diciple of Ranade" would be improved if changed to "I have read the speeches of Gokhale, who was a diciple of Ranade".
So also the following sentence requires to be rearranged :

I with my family reside in a village near Pune which consists of my wife and three children.

COMPOUND RELATIVE PRONOUNS

167. Pronouns formed by adding ever, so, or soever to who, which and what are called Compound Relative Pronouns. They are :

Whoever, whoso, whosoever, whichever, whatever, whatsoever.

These Relatives have no antecedent expressed.

Whosoever (= any and every person) exalteth himself shall by abashed.
Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein.
Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might.

168. The forms whosoever, whichever, and whatever are now ordinarily used; as

Whoever (i.e., any person who) comes is welcome.
Take whichever (i.e., any which) you like.
I will take with me whomsoever you choose.
Whatever (i.e., anything which) he does, he does well.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

CHAPTER 19

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

169. Consider the following sentences :
Who is there? Who are you?
About whom are you talking? Who are you talking about?
Whom do you want? Who do you want?
Whose is this book?
Which is the house?
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
What is the matter?
What do you want?
What will all the neighbours say?

It will be noticed that the Pronouns in italics are similar in form to Relative Pronouns. But the work which they do is different. They are here used for asking questions, and are, therefore, called Interrogative Pronouns.

170. In the following sentences the Interrogative Pronouns are used in asking indirect questions.
I asked who was speaking?
I do not know who is there.
Tell me what you have done.
Ask what he wants.
Say which you would like best.

171. Again consider the following sentences :
Who gave you the knife? }(Nominative)
Whose is this book? }(Possessive)
Whom did you see? Who did you see? }(Accusative)
To whom were you speaking? Who were you speaking to? }(Accusative)
What is that? }(Nominative)
What do you want? }(Accusative)
Which is he? }(Nominative)
Which do you prefer? }(Accusative)
Nominative : who } Masculine & Feminine, Singular & Plural.
Possessive : whose } Masculine & Feminine, Singular & Plural.
Accusative : whom / who } Masculine & Feminine, Singular & Plural

Today the accusative who is more usual than whom, especially in spoken English. What and which do not have different forms for different cases.

To be continued

[Kelipkelip]

172. Who is used of persons only.
Who spoke? (We expect the answer to be the name of a person).
Who goes there?
Who made the top score?
Who is knocking at the door?
Who says so?
Whose is this umbrella?
Whom did you see?

173. Which is used of both persons and things. It implies selection, that is, it implies a question concerning a limited number.
Which is your friend?
Which are your books?
Which of the boys saw him?
Which of you has done this?
Which of these books is yours?
Which of the pictures do you like best?
Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature?

174. What is used of things only.
What have you found? (We expect the answer to be the name of a thing).
What do you want?
What did you say?
What was it all about?
What is sweeter than honey?
What are those marks on your coat?

175. In such expressions as, 'What are you?', 'What is he?', 'What is this man?' the word what does not refer to the person but to his profession or employment.
What are you? I am a dcotor.
What is he? He is an engineer.

But................
Who is he? (=What is his name and family?) He is Mr. K. P. Roy.

176. In the following sentences which and what are used as Interrogative Adjectives :
Which book are your reading?
Which way shall we go?
What books have you read?
What pranks are you playing?
What manner of a man is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?

177. In the following sentences the words in italics are used as Compound Interrogative Pronouns :
Whoever told you so?
Whatever are you doing?

Note: The form whoever, whichever, whatever, are intensive.

To be continued

[Kelipkelip]

CHAPTER 20

THE VERB

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

179. A Verb is a word that tells or asserts something about a person or thing. Verbs comes from the Latin Verbum, a word. It is so called because it is the most important word in a sentence.

A Verb may tell us :
1) What a person or thing does, as;
Hari laughs.
The clock strikes.

2) What is done to a person or thing, as;
Hari is scolded.
The window is broken.

3) What a person or thing is, as;
The cat is dead.
Glass is brittle.
I feel sorry.

Def: A verb is a word used to tell or assert something about some person or thing.

180. A Verb often consists of more than one word, as;
The girls were singing.
I have learnt my lesson.
The watch has been found.

181. Read these sentences:
1. The boy kicks the ball.
2. The boy laughs loudly.

In sentence 1, the action denoted by the verb kicks passes over from the doer or subject boy to some Object football. The verb kicks is, therefore, called a Transitive Verb.
In sentence 2, the action denoted by the verb laughs stops with the doer or Subject boy and does not pass over to an Object. The verb laughs is, therefore, called an Intransitive Verb. (Intransitive means not passing over.)

Def. : A Transitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action which passes over from the doer or Subject to an object.
Def. : An Intransitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action which does not pass over to an object, or which expresses a state or being; as,
He ran a long distance. (Action)
The baby sleeps. (State)
There is a flaw in this daimond. (Being)

Note: Intransitive Verbs expressing being take the same cases after them as before them.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

182. Most Transitive Verbs take a single object. But such Transitive Verbs as give, ask, offer, promise, tell, etc., take two objects after them - an Indirect Object which denotes the person to whom something is given or for whom something is done, and a Direct Object which is usually the name of some thing, as,
His father gave him (Indirect) a watch (Direct).
He told me (Indirect) a secret (Direct).

183. Most verbs can be used both as Transitive and as Intransitive verbs. It is, therefore, better to say that a verb is used Transitively or Intransitively rather than that it is Transitive or Intransitive.

Used Transitively
1. The ants fought the wasps.
2. The shot sank the ship.
3. Ring the bell, Rama.
4. The driver stopped the train.
5. He spoke the truth.
6. The horse kicked the man.
7. I feel a severe pain in my head.

Used Intransitively
1. Some ants fights very fiercely.
2. The ship sank rapidly.
3. The bell rang loudly.
4. The train stopped suddenly.
5. He spoke haughtily.
6. This horse never kicks.
7. How do you feel?

Note : Some Verbs, eg. come, go, fall, die, sleep, lie, denote actions which cannot be done to anything; they can, therefore, never be used Transitively.

184. In such a sentence as 'The man killed himself' where the Subject and the Object both refer to the same person, the verb is said to be used reflexively.

Sometimes, though the verb is used reflexively, the Object is not expressed. In the following examples the reflexive pronoun understood is put in brackets ;
The bubbles burst (itself).
The guests made (themslves) merry.
Please keep (yourselves) quite.
With these words he turned (himself) to the door.
The Japanese feed (themselves) chiefly on rice.

These verbs may, however, be regarded as pure Intransitives without any reflexive force whatever.

185. Certain verbs can be used reflexively and also as ordinary transitive verbs; as,
Do not forget his name.
I forget his name.
Acquit yourself as man.
The magistrate acquitted him of the charge against him.
I enjoy myself sitting alone.
He enjoys good health.
He interested himself in his friend's welfare.
is talk does not interest me.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

186. When an Intransitive is used in a causitive sense it becomes Trnsitive.

Intransitive
1. The horse walks.
2. The girl ran down the street.
3. Birds fly.

Transitive
1. He walks the horse.
2. The girl ran a needle into her finger (ran a needle = cause a needle to run.)
3. The boys fly their kites (i.e cause their kites to fly).

187. A few verbs in common use are distinguished as Transitive or Intransitive by their spelling, the Transitive being causative forms of the corresponding Intransitive verbs.

Intransitive
1. Many trees fall in the monsoon.
2. Lie still.
3. Rise early with the lark.
4. Sit there.

Transitive
1. Woodmen fell tress. (Fell = cause to fall)
2. Lay the basket there. (Lay = cause to lie)
3. Raise your hands. (Raise = cause to rise)
4. Set the lamp on the table. (Set = cause to sit)

188. Some Intransitive Verbs may become Transitive by having a Preposition added to them; as,
All his friends laughed at (=decide) him.
He will soon run through (=consume) his forture.
Please look into (=investigate) the matter carefully.
We talked about (= discussed) the affair several times.
I wish for (= desire) nothing more.
The Police Inspector asked for (= demamded) his name.

Sometimes the Preposition is prefixed to the Verb; as
Shivaji overcame the enemy.
He bravery withstood the attack.
The river overflows its bank.

189. Intransitive Verbs sometimes take after them an Object akin or similar in meaning to the Verb. Such an Object is called Cognate Object or Cognate Accusative. (Latin Cognatus, akin).
I have fought a good fight.
He laughed a heartly laugh.
I dreamt a strange dream.
He sleeps the sleep of the just.
Let me die the death of the righteous.
She sighed a deep sigh.
She sang a sweet song.
He ran a race.
Aurangzeb lived the life of an ascetic.

The noun used as a Cognate Object is in the Accusative Case.
The following are examples of partially Cognate Objects :
He ran a great risk ( = he ran a course of great risk).
The children shouted applause (= the children shouted a shout of applause).

190. A noun used adverially to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb denoting time, place, distance, weight, value etc., is called an Adverbially Object or Adverbial Accusative, and is said to be Accusative Case adverbially; as,
He held the post ten years.
I can't wait a moment longer.
He went home.
He swam a mile.
He weighs seven stone.
The watch cost nine hudred ringgits.

191. There are a few Transitive Verbs which are sometimes used as Intransitive Verbs;

Transitive
1. He broke the glass.
2. He burnt his fingers.
3. Stop him from going.
4. Open all the windows.

Intransitive
1. The glass broke.
2. He burnt with shame.
3. We sahll stop here a few days.
4. The show opens at six o'clock.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

CHAPTER 21

VERBS OF INCOMPLETE PREDICTION

192. Read the following sentences :
1. The baby sleeps.
2. The baby seems happy.

The verbs in both these sentences are Intransitive.
But when I say "The baby sleeps" I do make complete sense.
On the other hand if I say "The baby seems" I do not make complete sense.
The intransitive Verbs seems requires a word (eg. happy) to make the sense complete. Such a verb is called a Verb of Incomplete Prediction.
The word happy which is required to make the sense complete , is called Complement of the Verb or Completion of the Predicate.

193. Verbs of Incomplete Prediction usually express the idea of being, becoming, seeming, appearing. The Complement usually consists of a Noun (called a Predicative Noun) or an Adjective (called a Predicative Adjective). When the Complement describes the Subject, as in the following sentences, it is called a Subjective Complement.
1. Tabby is a cat.
2. The earth is round.
3. John became a soldier.
4. Mr. Metha became mayor.
5. The man seems tired.
6. You look happy.
7. The sky grew dark.
8. Roses smell sweet.
9. Sugar tastes sweet.
10. She appears pleased.
11. This house is to let.

Note : When the Subjective Complement is a Noun (as in 1,3,4) it is in the same case as the Subject, ie. in the Nominative Case.

194. Certain Transitive Verbs require, besides an Object, a Complement to complete their prediction; as,
1. The boys made Rama captain.
2. His parents named him Hari.
3. This made him vain.
4. The jury found him guilty.
5. Rama called his cousin a liar.
6. Exercise has made his muscles strong.
7. I consider the man trustworthy.
8. God called the light day.
9. We thought him a rascal.
10. They chose him their leader.

Here, in each case, the Complement describes the Object, and is, called an Objective Complement.

Note: When the Objective Complement is a noun (as in 1,2,5,8,9,10) it is in the Objective (or Accusative) Case in agreement with the object.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

CHAPTER 22

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

195. Compare :
1. Rama helps Hari.
2. Hari is helped by Rama.

It will be seen that these two sentences express the same meaning.
But in sentence 1, the form of the Verb shows that the person denoted by the subject does something.
Rama (the person denoted by the subject) does something.
The Verb helps is said to be in the Active Voice..
In sentence 2, the form of the Verb shows that something is done to the person denoted by the Subject.
Something is done to Hari the person denoted by the Subject).
The Verb helped is said to be in the Passive Voice.
Def.: A verb is in tha Active Voice when its form shows (as in sentence 1) that the person or thing denoted by the Subject does something; or, in other words, is the doer of the action.
The Active Voice is so called becausse the person denoted by the Subject acts.
Def. : A Verb is in the Passive Voice when its form shows (as in sentence 2) that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the Subject.
The Passive Voice is so called because the person or thing denoted by the Subject is not active but passive, that is, suffers or receives some action.
Def. : Voice is that form of a Verb which shows whether what is denoted by the Subject does something or has something done to it.

Note the change from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice in the following sentences :

Active Voice

1. Sita loves Savitri.
2. The mason is building the wall.
3. The peon opened the gate.
4. Some boys were helping the wounded man.
5. He will finish the work in a fortnight.
6. Who did this?
7. Why did your brother write such a letter?

Passive Voice

1. Savitri is loved by Sita.
2. The wall is being built by the mason.
3. The gate was opened by the poen.
4. The wounded man was being helped by some boys.
5. The work will be finished by him in a fortnight.
6. By whom was this done?
7. Why was such a letter written by your brother?

It will be noticed that when the Verb is changed from Active Voice to the Passive Voice, the Object of the Transitive Verb in the Active becomes the Subject of the Verb in the Passive Voice.
(Thus in sentence 1, Savitri, which is the object of loves in the Active Voice, becomes the Subject of is loved in the Passive Voice).
Since the Object of a verb in the active voice becomes the Subject of the passive form, it follows that only Transitive Verbs can be used in the Passive Voice, because an Intransitive Verb has no Object.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

196. The passive voice is formed with the suitable tense of the verb be followed by the past participle. Study this table :

[Tense (or Modal + base)][Active Voice][Passive Voice]
[Simple present][take][am taken]
[ ][takes][is taken]
[ ][ ][are taken]
[Present continous][am taking][am being taken]
[ ][is taking][is being taken]
[ ][are taking][are being taken]
[Present perfect][has taken][has been taken]
[ ][have taken][have been taken]
[Simple past][took][was taken]
[ ][ ][were taken]
[Past continous][was taking][was being taken]
[ ][were taking][were being taken]
[Past perfect][had taken][had been taken]
[Simple future][will take][will be taken]
[ ][shall][sahll be taken]
[can/may/must, etc. + base][can take][can be taken]
[ ][must take][must be taken]

To be continued

[Kelipkelip]

197. Students must know when to use the Active Voice and when to use the Passive: the ability to change the Active Voice into the Passive and vice versa is not sufficient.
The Active Voice is used when the agent (ie. doer of the action) is to be made prominent; the Passive, when the person or thing acted upon is to be made prominent. The Passive is, therefore, generally preferred when the active form would involve the use of an indefinite or vague pronoun or noun (somebody, they, people, we, etc.) as subject; that is, when we do not know the agent or when it is clear enough who the agent is.

My pen has been stolen. (Somebody has stolen my pen.)
I was asked my name. (They asked my name.)
English is spoken all over the world. (People speak English all over the world.)
I have been invited to the party. (Someone has invited me to the party.)
We will execute all orders promptly. (All orders will be executed promptly.)

In such cases the agent with by is usually avoided.
Note, however, that, as in examples given earlier, the by-phrase cannot be avoided where the agent has some importance and is necessary to complete the sense.

198. When verbs that take both a direct and an indirect object in the Active Voice are changed to the Passive, either object may become the subject of the Passive verb, while the other is retained.

Active

The guard refused him admittance
Mr. Krishnaji teaches us grammar.
The manager will give you a ticket.
Who taught you French?
He handed her a chair.

Passive

Admittance was refused to him by the guard.
He was refused admittance by the guard.
Grammar is taught to us by Mr. Krishnaji.
We were taught grammar by Mr. Krishnaji.
A ticket will be given to you by the manager.
You will be given a ticket by the manager.
By whom was French taught to you?
Who were you taught French by?
By whom were you taught French?
A chair was handed to her.
She was handed a chair.

An indirect object denotes the person to whom or for whom something is given or done, while a direct object usually denotes a thing. In cases like the above, it is probably more usual for passive constructions to begin with the person.

199. Note that we use with (not by) to talk about an instrument used by the agent.
Compare :
The dog was hit with a stick. (Active Voice : Somebody hit the dog with a stick.)
The dog was hit by a boy. (Active Voice : A boy hit the dog.)

200. There are a few Transitive verbs which, even in an Active form, are sometimes used in a Passive sense; as,
These mangoes taste sour. (i.e. are sour when they are tested).
The rose smells sweet (i.e. is sweet when it is smell).
The cakes eat short and crisp (i.e. are short and crisp when they are eaten).
At least the play reads well (i.e. affects the reader well when it is read).

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

201. We give below further examples of the interchange of Active and Passive Voice.

Active - All his friends laughed at him.
Passive - He was laughes at by all his friends.
Active - They made him king.
Passive - He was made king
Active - They use video for teaching the students.
Passive - Video is used for teaching the students.
Active - One should keep one's promises.
Passive - Promises should be kept.
Active - When will you return the book?
Passive - When will the book returned?
Active - Someone has picked my pocket.
Passive - My pocket has been picked.
Active - Circunstances will oblige me to go.
Passive - I shall be obliged to go.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

CHAPTER 23

MOOD

202. The simplest use of a Verb is to make a statement of fact or ask a question; as,
I write to my brother every week.
Who wrote that letter?

But a Verb may also be used to express a command; as,
Write neatly.
Or a Verb may be used to express a mere supposition; as,
If I were you, I would not do it.

These different modes or manners in which a Verb may be used to express an action are called Moods. (Lat. modus, manner.)
Def. - Mood is the mode or manner in which the action denoted by the Verb is represented.

203. There are three Moods in English :
Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive.

INDICATIVE MOOD

204. The Indicative Mood is used :
1) To make a statement of fact; as,
Rama goes to school daily.
We are taught Arithmetic.
He writes legibly.
Napoleon died at St. Halena.
The child is alive.

2) To ask a question; as,
Have you found your book?
Are you well?

In each of these sentenses the Verb in italics is said to be in the Indicative Mood.

205. The Indicative Mood is also used in expressing a supposition which is assumed as a fact; as,
If (=assuming as a fact that) I am to be a beggar, it shall never make me a rascal.
If it rains, I shall stay at home. (Assuming as a fact that it will rain, etc.)
If my friend wants it, I shall give to him. (Assuming as a fact that my friend wants it, etc.)
If he is the ring-leader, he deserves to be punished. (Assuming as a fact that he is the ring-leader, etc.)

A Verb which makes a statement of fact or asks a question, or expresses a supposition which is assumed as a fact, is in the Indicative Mood.

To be continued.

[Kelipkelip]

IMPERATIVE MOOD

206. The Imperative Mood is used to express :
1) A Command; as,
Wait there.
Come here.
Open your book at page 7.

2) An exhortation; as,
Be steady.
Take care of your health.
Try to do better.

3) An entreaty or prayer; as;
Have mercy upon us.
Give us this day our daily bread.

In each of these sentences the Verb in italics is said to be in the Imperative Mood.
A Verb which expresses a command, an exhortation, an entreaty or prayer, is in the Imperative Mood.

Note 1 : The Imperative mood can strictly be used only in the Second Person, since the person commanded must be the person spoken to. But in the First and Third Persons a like sense is expressed by the use of the Auxilliary Verb let; as,
Let me go.
Let us go.
Let him go.
Let them go.

Note 2 : The subject of a Verb in the Imperative Mood (you) is usually omitted.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

207. The following are the forms of the Subjunctive :

Present Subjunctive
[td]the verb 'be'[/td][td]other verbs[/td]
[td]I be[/td][td]I speak[/td]
[td]We be[/td][td]We speak[/td]
[td]You be[/td][td]You speak[/td]
[td]He be[/td][td]He speak[/td]
[td]They be[/td][td]They speak[/td]

Past Subjunctive
[td]the verb 'be'[/td][td]other verbs[/td]
[td]I were[/td][td]I spoke[/td]
[td]We were[/td][td]We spoke[/td]
[td]You were[/td][td]You spoke[/td]
[td]He were[/td][td]He spoke[/td]
[td]They were[/td][td]They spoke[/td]

The Subjunctice Mood scarcely exists in present-day English.

To be continued.